ArticleBMC medical education2026
Effect of Orem's Self-Care Model on self-efficacy, self-management, quality of life, and HbA1c among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Palestine.
Article in BMC medical education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a growing global and national health concern, particularly among Palestinian children who face significant psychosocial, educational, and structural barriers to optimal disease management. Effective self-care requires developmentally appropriate education that enhances self-efficacy, supports family involvement, and promotes independent diabetes self-management. Orem’s Self-Care Model provides a theoretical framework for identifying self-care deficits and guiding supportive–educative interventions.
aimTo evaluate the effect of applying Orem’s Self-Care Model on self-efficacy, diabetes self-management, quality of life (QoL), and HbA1c among children with T1DM in Hebron, Palestine.
methodsA quasi-experimental pretest–posttest-controlled design was conducted among 48 children aged 8–12 years attending governmental and private pediatric diabetes clinics. Participants were allocated into intervention (n = 24) and control (n = 24) groups based on clinic grouping. The intervention comprised four structured, two-hour supportive–educative sessions grounded in Orem’s model. Standard routine care was provided to the control group. Outcomes were measured using validated Arabic versions of the Children’s Self-Efficacy Scale, PedsQL 3.0 Diabetes Module, the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ), and laboratory-recorded HbA1c. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests.
resultsSignificant improvements were observed in the intervention group for self-efficacy, self-management, QoL, and HbA1c. HbA1c decreased from 14.0% to 10.7% (p = .001), compared with a nonsignificant change in the control group (13.4% to 12.5%, p = .306). Posttest comparisons confirmed superior outcomes in the intervention group (p < .05 across variables).
conclusionOrem’s Self-Care Model significantly enhanced glycemic control and psychosocial self-care capacities among Palestinian children with T1DM. Theory-based, family-centered educational interventions represent a feasible and effective strategy for improving pediatric diabetes outcomes in resource-limited settings.
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