ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2026
ISSLS Prize in Basic Science 2026: Early markers of mechanical modulation in whole bovine intervertebral discs loaded in a multiaxial bioreactor.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration: Niche reprogramming, precision therapeutics, and structural reconstruction.Bioactive materials · 2027Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major contributor to low back pain (LBP), with mechanical overloading recognized as a driver of disc pathology. This study investigated early responses of bovine caudal intervertebral discs (IVDs) to repetitive multiaxial loading and assessed effects on nociceptive sensitization.
methodsWhole IVDs were cultured ex vivo for 3 or 7 days either free-swelling or under multiaxial loading (0.2 MPa compression, 0-6° flexion, 0-4° torsion, 0.2 Hz, 4 h/day). Disc height, biomechanics, gene expression, biochemical markers, collagen integrity, and cell viability were evaluated. Conditioned medium (CM) from IVDs was applied to primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to assess calcium responses and neurite outgrowth.
resultsMultiaxial loading induced rapid, region-specific molecular changes, particularly in the outer annulus fibrosus, with upregulation of inflammatory (IL6) and catabolic (MMP13) genes and mild increases in glycosaminoglycan and nitric oxide release. DRG neurons exposed to CM from loaded IVDs exhibited enhanced capsaicin-evoked calcium responses and increased neurite branching, especially in CGRP-positive nociceptors, indicating early discogenic sensitization. Collagen denaturation showed a trend toward higher levels in loaded IVDs, while cell viability, tissue structure, and biomechanical properties remained preserved.
conclusionMultiaxial loading at the selected magnitude induced early molecular signs of degeneration and neuronal sensitization without detectable alterations in cell viability, tissue structure, or biomechanics, contributing to our understanding of mechanically induced impact on the IVD. Ex vivo multiaxial loading in bioreactors provides a physiologically relevant platform to study the initiation and progression of IVDD and associated discogenic pain mechanisms.
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Registered trials
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