Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41489746›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutical biology2026

Assessment of sub-chronic toxicity and anti-aging effects of a solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of

Somsuda Somintara, Waraporn Sakaew, Sarunya Tuntiyasawasdikul, Peera Tabboon, Catheleeya Mekjaruskul, Jenjiralai Phanphak, Choowadee Pariwatthanakun, Bungorn Sripanidkulchai, Tawut Rudtanatip

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutical biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Somsuda SomintaraElectron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0001-9286-6511
Waraporn SakaewElectron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-4598-861X
Sarunya TuntiyasawasdikulFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.ORCID 0009-0004-9370-736X
Peera TabboonFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.ORCID 0009-0004-7577-2408
Catheleeya MekjaruskulIntegrative Pharmaceuticals and Innovation of Pharmaceutical Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-7730-5158
Jenjiralai PhanphakDivision of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand.
Choowadee PariwatthanakunDivision of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand.
Bungorn SripanidkulchaiCenter for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-6517-3450
Tawut RudtanatipElectron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-5187-0941

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextThe pharmacological effects of

objectiveThis study evaluated the safety and anti-aging efficacy of the solid SMEDDS containing MATERIALS AND

methodsA sub-chronic toxicity study was performed to assess the safety of KPS-SMEDDS. Healthy rats (

resultsNo significant changes were observed in clinical signs, body weight, organ weights, hematological or biochemical parameters, or histopathology in KPS-SMEDDS-treated rats, indicating its safety. KPS-SMEDDS treatment significantly improved testicular weight, reduced malondialdehyde levels, normalized hormone levels, and restored testicular structure in rats with D-galactose-induced aging. Additionally, it upregulated SIRT-1 and Bcl-2, downregulated SA-β-gal, p53, and caspase-3, and modulated inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10). DISCUSSION AND

conclusionKPS-SMEDDS was well-tolerated in rats and exerted protective effects against D-galactose-induced aging. These findings support its potential as a safe, natural anti-aging agent and highlight the value of formulation enhancement in traditional herbal medicine.

Indexed as

AgingDrug Delivery SystemsPlant ExtractsZingiberaceaeAdministration, OralAnimalsAntioxidantsApoptosisDose-Response Relationship, DrugEmulsionsGalactoseMaleOxidative StressRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyToxicity Tests, SubchronicAntioxidantsEmulsionsGalactosePlant Extractsanti-agingD-galactoseKaempferia parviflorasolid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systemsub-chronic toxicity

Identifiers

PMID41489746
PMCPMC12777754

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.