ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2026
Human Papillomavirus-Related Anal Precancerous Lesions in Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Comparative Study of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Users and HIV-Positive Individuals.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Penile HPV prevalence among high-risk men in Sri Lanka: baseline insight for HPV prevention strategies in a lower-middle-income country.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Article
- HPV awareness and anal cancer prevention among sexual minority men living with HIV in Nigeria: insights from an affirming clinical setting.Sexual health · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAlthough anal cancer is rare, it disproportionately affects high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). MSM using Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (MSM-PrEP) represent an emerging subgroup with behavioral risk factors that may increase susceptibility to High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HRHPV) infection and anal High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSIL). However, data on precancerous anal lesions in this group remain unexplored.This study aims to compare the prevalence and distribution of histological abnormalities detected by High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA) between MSM-PrEP and MSM with HIV (HIV + MSM) and to explore the association between anal HSIL and anal swab results using cytology and HRHPV testing.
methodsThis secondary exploratory analysis extended a prospective, monocentric cross-sectional study on cytology and HPV infection conducted at the HIV Reference Centre and PrEP Clinic of Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel by incorporating histological data.
resultsA total of 85 MSM-PrEP and 93 HIV + MSM underwent HRA. Histologically confirmed anal HSIL did not differ significantly between MSM-PrEP and HIV + MSM (OR 0.6, 95% CI .32-1.25). No significant variation was observed in the overall histological outcome distribution (P = .401). A history of gonorrhea was significantly associated with HSIL (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.03-5.55). Cytology showed limited discriminatory value, while HRHPV infection was present in all HSIL cases. Many lesions were linked to HRHPV types other than HPV16.
conclusionsMSM-PrEP may be at similarly high risk for anal HSIL as HIV + MSM, underscoring the need for tailored screening strategies.
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