ReviewFrontiers in pediatrics2025
The utility of caffeine citrate as a neuroprotectant in the early life of premature newborns: a literature review of the effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Review in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Obstructive sleep apnea as a modifier of endocrine toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The incidence of prematurity-related complications has decreased due to advancements in medical preventive and supportive measures, but the rate of neurodevelopmental impairment secondary to prematurity continues to increase. Due to the high metabolic demand of the central nervous system during early development and the age-related sensitivity of the cerebral white matter, perinatal intermittent hypoxia can lead to significant cerebral pathology persisting into adulthood. Caffeine citrate is one of the mainstay medical treatments for apnea of prematurity and is widely used in many neonatal intensive care units. Caffeine citrate's benefits include reducing time on mechanical ventilation, enhancing extubation success, and decreasing the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. There is also mounting evidence that caffeine citrate benefits neurodevelopmental outcomes, attributable to its positive effect on respiratory status and other mechanisms. Research has shown that caffeine citrate exerts an anti-inflammatory effect via the antagonism of adenosine receptors, reduces the production of reactive oxygen species, and supports the plasticity of the central nervous system. This article aims to review the most up-to-date evidence on caffeine citrate's effects on neuroprotection and its role in reducing the severity of neurodevelopmental impairment associated with prematurity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.