ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2025
The Role of Bacterial Siderophores in Infection Therapy: From Anti-Infective Mechanisms to Therapeutic Advances.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gut microbiota and iron deficiency anemia: Mechanisms, microbial signatures, and dietary interactions (A narrative review).Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Review
- Bacterial Siderophore Production in Metal-Rich Environments: Underexplored Sources of Siderophores and Insights into Bioremediation.Journal of natural products · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Siderophores are low-molecular-weight iron chelators that mediate microbial iron acquisition and critically shape host-pathogen interactions. This review highlights the structural diversity, regulatory networks, and virulence functions of bacterial siderophores, including their roles in overcoming host nutritional immunity, modulating immune responses, promoting biofilms, and coordinating metal homeostasis. We further discuss therapeutic strategies that exploit siderophore pathways, from "Trojan horse" siderophore-antibiotic conjugates such as cefiderocol to emerging non-antibiotic conjugates incorporating metal complexes, peptides, nucleic acids, vaccines, and nanomaterials. Beyond antibacterial applications, siderophores show promise in antifungal and antiparasitic therapies and as infection-specific imaging probes. Despite these advances, translational challenges-including adaptive resistance, pharmacokinetic instability, and competition with endogenous siderophores-limit clinical progression. Innovative approaches such as engineered siderophore scaffolds, multifunctional delivery platforms, and nanotechnology-enabled systems may help overcome these barriers. Overall, this review underscores the central role of siderophores in microbial pathogenesis and their growing potential as versatile platforms for next-generation anti-infective and diagnostic development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.