ArticleJournal of current ophthalmology
Evaluation of Inflammatory Cytokines in Tears of Individuals with Dry Eye Related to Prolonged Computer Use.
Article in Journal of current ophthalmology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comment on "Evaluation of Inflammatory Cytokines in Tears of Individuals with Dry Eye Related to Prolonged Computer Use".Journal of current ophthalmologyArticle
- Reply to Comment on "Evaluation of Inflammatory Cytokines in Tears of Individuals with Dry Eye Related to Prolonged Computer Use".Journal of current ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the tears of individuals working with computers. Methods: Tear samples were collected from 48 patients using computers for over 3 h daily (range, 6-12 h) for at least a year, and from 42 patients using computers for <3 h daily (range, 2-3 h). Tears were analyzed for the presence of interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-8. The measurements were conducted using the Stripwells 10-plex assay kit from Quansys Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to examine conjunctival impression cytology specimens for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α mRNA expression to identify cytokine origins. Results: Cytokine levels significantly increased ( Conclusions: Computer users' tears have higher cytokine levels that correlate with usage time. Cytokines may contribute to dry eye disease, suggesting cytokine modulators as a potential treatment for computer-related dry eye.
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Registered trials
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