SynthesisInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2025
All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Estimation of mortality hazard ratios by COPD grade using a systematic review and network meta-analysis: deriving grade-, sex-, and age-specific mortality for a German COPD decision model.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- AhR as a Common Denominator in Immunity and Inflammation in Chronic Lung Diseases: Molecular and Clinical Insights.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Singapore: Current Perspectives on Prevalence, Disease Burden, and Treatment.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Review
- The Disproportionate Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in Mild-to-Moderate COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global cause of death, imposing substantial socioeconomic and healthcare burdens. This meta-analysis synthesizes evidence on all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks in COPD populations to identify high-risk subgroups and guide precision management strategies. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for cohort studies reporting death risks in COPD from database inception to April 10, 2025. Study screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were independently performed by two investigators. Meta-analyses pooled risks for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Sensitivity analyses tested robustness; publication bias was assessed via funnel plots and Egger's test. Results: Twenty-seven studies covering 286,314 showed COPD patients had significantly higher all-cause mortality versus non-COPD individuals (HR, 1.80; 95% CI: 1.40-2.30). Mortality risk exhibited a graded increase with COPD severity compared to non-COPD individuals: mild (HR, 1.32; 95% CI: 1.19-1.47), moderate (HR, 1.62; 95% CI: 1.45-1.81), severe (HR, 2.18; 95% CI: 1.59-2.99), and very severe (HR, 2.94; 95% CI: 1.78-4.85). When stratified by smoking status, COPD patients had consistently higher mortality than their non-COPD counterparts within each subgroup: never-smokers (HR, 1.41; 95% CI: 1.27-1.56), former smokers (HR, 1.37; 95% CI: 1.30-1.45), and current smokers (HR, 1.48; 95% CI: 1.25-1.76). The presence of comorbidities further amplified mortality risks in COPD patients versus non-COPD individuals, particularly in those with respiratory diseases (HR, 3.64; 95% CI: 3.10-4.27), cardiovascular diseases (HR, 1.29; 95% CI: 1.10-1.50), and all-cancers (HR, 1.69; 95% CI: 1.37-2.10), especially lung cancer (HR, 2.57; 95% CI: 2.04-3.24). Conclusion: COPD patients have significantly higher death risks than non-COPD individuals, worsening with disease severity. Independent determinants of COPD-attributable mortality risk comprise smoking, coexisting respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer (particularly lung cancer). These findings provide an evidence-based foundation for developing targeted intervention strategies to mitigate COPD-related mortality.
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Registered trials
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