Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41488320›Full record

ArticleBioactive materials2026

EDAC-mediated O-acylisourea rearrangement for tertiary amine cationization of hyaluronic acid (HA) and its application as structural backbones in virus-inspired polyplexes.

Yinghao Li, Liang Yao, Jiahao Liu, Yi Situ, Chunyu Zhao, Tianyu Mao, Xi Wang, Rijian Song, Hongyun Tai, Zhonglei He and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioactive materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Yinghao LiCharles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland.
Liang YaoCharles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland.
Jiahao LiuInstitute of Precision Medicine (AUST-IPM), Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
Yi SituCharles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland.
Chunyu ZhaoCharles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland.
Tianyu MaoCentre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Xi WangBranca Bunús Ltd, Building 10, Cherrywood Business Park, Cherrywood, D18 T3Y1, Dublin, Ireland.
Rijian SongCharles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland.
Hongyun TaiBranca Bunús Ltd, Building 10, Cherrywood Business Park, Cherrywood, D18 T3Y1, Dublin, Ireland.
Zhonglei HeInstitute of Precision Medicine (AUST-IPM), Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
Jing LyuCharles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland.
Wenxin WangCharles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cationic modification of hyaluronic acid (HA) is challenging due to its polyanionic nature, poor reactivity in water, and the instability of conventional coupling intermediates. This limits the development of HA-based components in non-viral gene delivery systems, which already suffer from amorphous morphology and mechanical fragility that reduce their transfection efficiency. Here, we reprogram a classically unfavorable EDAC-mediated rearrangement into a productive synthetic route, enabling direct cationization of hyaluronic acid (HA) through spontaneous O-acylisourea rearrangement. This water-based, catalyst-free process achieves up to 70 % substitution of HA's carboxyl groups-introducing cationic tertiary amine functionalities in water. The resulting aminated-hyaluronic acid (HAA) scaffolds act as rigid structural backbones in virus-inspired polymer-DNA nanoparticles termed as "Skeletoplexes", with enhanced stability and performance. When incorporated into polyplexes formed from diverse cationic systems-including poly(β-amino esters) and commercial vectors such as BrPERfect, Xfect, jetPEI, and Lipofectamine3000-HAA scaffolds improved

Indexed as

Cationized hyaluronic acidEDAC rearrangementNon-viral gene deliveryScaffolded polyplexesVirus-inspired nanoparticles

Identifiers

PMID41488320
PMCPMC12757461

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.