Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41488220›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in allergy2025

A phase 2 randomized controlled trial using biologics to improve multi OIT outcomes (COMBINE): design, rationale, and methods.

A J Long, S Sindher, K Martinez, J H Choi, M Albarran, J Schuetz, A Parry, J Tang, M Garcia Llorett, S S Zedeck and 18 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in allergy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03679676 (Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial Using Biologics to Improve Multi OIT Outcomes), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03679676 phase2completednot on this map

Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial Using Biologics to Improve Multi OIT Outcomes

TypeinterventionalSponsorStanford UniversityRan2020 to 2025Enrolled130ConditionsHypersensitivity, Food Allergy, Hypersensitivity, Food, Peanut HypersensitivityArmsOmalizumab, Dupilumab, Placebo for Dupilumab, Placebo for Omalizumab
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Update on biologic and small molecules treatments in pediatric allergic diseases.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

28 authors.

A J Long *Department of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
S Sindher *Department of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
K MartinezDepartment of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
J H ChoiDepartment of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
M AlbarranDepartment of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
J SchuetzDepartment of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
A ParryDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
J TangDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
M Garcia LlorettDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
S S ZedeckDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
A GrissingerDivision of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
E KiernanDivision of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
S LeonardDivision of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
O RaeberDepartment of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
C FeightDepartment of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
B AndersonDepartment of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
R SharmaDepartment of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
D BogeticDepartment of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
A R ChinDepartment of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
M WochDepartment of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
J PoyserNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
J Laurienzo PanzaNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
A TogiasNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
L WheatleyNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
S BoydDepartment of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
S J GalliDepartment of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
K C NadeauDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
R S ChinthrajahDepartment of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.

Funding

Tracking allergen specific T cells in multi-food allergyU19AI104209 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GALLI, STEPHEN JOSEPH · 2013 to 2025
$17.3M
NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI104209
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Food allergy remains a serious public health concern associated with significantly lowered quality of life and the risk of potentially life-threatening allergic reactions. While oral immunotherapy (OIT) has consistently demonstrated efficacy in the desensitization of multi-food allergic patients, many patients undergoing such treatment are burdened by dose-related side effects that can hinder their compliance and the overall efficacy of OIT. Recent efforts to improve upon OIT have begun to evaluate the concomitant use of biologics such as omalizumab and dupilumab with OIT for their ability to selectively inhibit pathways involved in the underlying pathology of food allergy. Methods: Herein, we detail the clinical trial design, rationale, and methods for a Phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center study evaluating the safety and efficacy of omalizumab and/or dupilumab therapy in combination with participant-specific multi-food (mOIT) in patients aged 4-55 years, with multi-food allergy that includes peanut. In this two-arm superiority trial, participants will be randomized (5:5:1) to (1) omalizumab/placebo-dupilumab with mOIT ( Conclusion: This trial tests the hypothesis that adding dupilumab to omalizumab-facilitated mOIT will increase the likelihood of inducing sustained unresponsiveness and decrease mOIT-related adverse events.

Indexed as

biologicCOMBINEdupilumabfood allergymulti-allergenomalizumaboral immunotherapy

Identifiers

PMID41488220
PMCPMC12756116

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.