ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
A model for predicting secondary traumatic stress in emergency nurses: the roles of occupational stress, empathy, and psychological resilience.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Secondary traumatic stress among healthcare workers in Egypt and the mediating role of workplace protective factors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Mediating Role of Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress in the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Quality of Life Among Nurses.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Building Resilience in Emergency Care Teams: A Narrative Review of Team-Based and Organisational Strategies for Nurses and Allied Health Professionals.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Review
- A qualitative study on emergency department nurses' experiences of coping with moral distress based on self-efficacy theory.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The high-stress environment of the emergency department (ED) predisposes nurses to significant occupational stress, which can precipitate compassion fatigue and secondary traumatic stress (STS). STS adversely affects nurses' wellbeing and may compromise both their professional performance and patient care quality. Investigating the predictive roles of nursing stress, empathy, and psychological resilience on STS in ED nurses, and constructing a reliable predictive model, is therefore clinically imperative. Objective: This study aimed to develop a predictive model for STS among ED nurses based on nursing stress, empathy, and psychological resilience, intending to inform psychological support strategies and management practices. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using convenience sampling to recruit 186 ED nurses from a single hospital. Data were collected via questionnaires, including the Vicarious Traumatization Questionnaire (VTQ), the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI-C), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression to build a multidimensional model of factors influencing STS. Results: The results indicated that nursing stress, empathy, and psychological resilience were significantly associated with STS. Higher levels of nursing stress and empathy, along with lower levels of psychological resilience, were positively correlated with higher STS scores. Sub-factors such as personal distress, emotional resonance, and exposure to traumatic events had the strongest associations. The regression model, incorporating these predictors, explained 56.00% of the variance in STS scores. Conclusion: STS in ED nurses is influenced by multiple factors, including nursing stress, empathy, and psychological resilience, with resilience serving as an important protective factor. The developed regression model provides valuable insights into these associations and holds clinical utility in guiding interventions aimed at enhancing nurse mental health, refining the work environment, and improving patient care quality. These findings suggest the need for targeted psychological support strategies in ED settings.
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