ArticleFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2025
Sexual dimorphism in the DNA methylation pattern after immune stimulation in the zebrafish (
Article in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: In fish, epigenetic modifications are fundamental for regulating development, growth and adaptation to environmental factors. Emerging evidence further suggests that epigenetic mechanisms may modulate how fish gonads respond to infectious agents. Gonadal factors-including reproductive hormones and cytokines-are known to influence immune-cell activities, regulate the production of immune molecules, affect the overall immune response, and participate in gonadal sex differentiation. Although interactions between the reproductive and immune systems are well established, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying this interaction remain insufficiently elucidated, both in fish and in mammals. This study investigates how immune stimulation affects sex differentiation and methylation patterns of innate-immune genes in zebrafish gonads. Methods: To study the epigenetic events involved in the immune-reproduction interaction, zebrafish ( Results: Immune stimulation during gonadal development did not produce a statistically significant difference in sex ratio, although a clear trend toward feminization was observed in LPS-treated fish. In adults, Discussion: The results support the presence of an epigenetic interplay between sex and immune response in the fish gonads. Sex-dependent methylation changes in
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