ArticleCureus2025
Recurrent Stroke Due to Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation: Diagnostic Challenges and Management.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are rare vascular anomalies that establish a direct right-to-left shunt (RLS). Although uncommon, they may cause paradoxical embolism leading to stroke, cryptogenic stroke, or hemorrhage. Despite their potential severity, PAVMs remain an unrecognized entity. We report a case of a 57-year-old woman with cardiovascular risk factors and a previous recurrent stroke of undetermined origin, admitted with acute right-sided weakness, dysarthria, and facial droop. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed acute infarcts in the left frontal and temporal cortices. During the diagnostic workup, transcranial Doppler with bubble contrast revealed RLS, and transesophageal echocardiography excluded an intracardiac defect. Pulmonary CT angiography identified a right lower lobe PAVM that was embolized with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug 4 (St. Paul, MN: Abbott). Further investigations excluded other etiologies. A comprehensive investigation of RLS is crucial when no other etiology for a stroke is found. Transcranial Doppler and CT angiography are key tools for diagnosis, and embolization is an effective treatment.
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