ReviewDrugs in context2025
Apremilast in osteoarthritis: exploring its therapeutic mechanisms.
Review in Drugs in context, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is increasingly understood as a complex, inflammatory disease rather than a purely mechanical disorder. Apremilast, a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor approved for psoriatic arthritis, is amongst several new treatment alternatives that target one of the most important inflammatory pathways involved in OA. Apremilast decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, IL-1 and IL-6, which are central to cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. This review explores the mechanistic rationale and available evidence supporting the repurposing of apremilast in OA. We highlight its potential to reduce pain and slow structural progression. Although the data are currently scarce, there remains a strong rationale for its repurposing for the treatment of OA based on its safety profile, oral route of administration and positive treatment adherence. Nevertheless, clinical investigation remains limited. Further research is needed to clarify its therapeutic potential and identify patient populations most likely to benefit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.