Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41487627›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Community resilience to climate change and non-communicable disease vulnerability in Yaoundé, Cameroon: insights from community-based systems dynamics.

Felix Assah, Blanche Nfondoh, Edwin Ngwa, Tchouaffi Awah Kum, Boris Elouna, Yves Wasnyo, Lidia Maria de Oliveira Morais, Meelan Thondoo, Feyisayo Wayas, Gladys Odhiambo and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Felix AssahHealth of Population in Transition Research Group, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Blanche NfondohHealth of Population in Transition Research Group, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Edwin NgwaHealth of Population in Transition Research Group, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Tchouaffi Awah KumHealth of Population in Transition Research Group, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Boris ElounaHealth of Population in Transition Research Group, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Yves WasnyoHealth of Population in Transition Research Group, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Lidia Maria de Oliveira MoraisObservatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Meelan ThondooMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Feyisayo WayasResearch Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Gladys OdhiamboCenter for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Janel PhillipsTropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
Nina AbrahamsMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Tolullah OniMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Estelle Victoria LambertResearch Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Waleska Teixeira CaiaffaObservatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Leandro GarciaCentre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Georgiana Gordon-StrachanTropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
Lambed TatahHealth of Population in Transition Research Group, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Climate change and rapid urbanisation have intensified flood risk in Global South cities, exacerbating health inequities, especially through non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, little is known about how community resilience strategies to key climate change consequences like flooding affect NCD risk in rapidly growing cities of the Global South. Methods: We used a Community-Based System Dynamics (CBSD) approach to examine flood resilience strategies, the determinants, and health implications of these strategies in Yaoundé, Cameroon. The study included semi-structured interviews and a participatory modelling workshop with 12 purposively sampled community stakeholders (including from the municipality, urban planning, civil society organisation, local leadership, and people affected by flooding), accompanied by an iterative development and analysis of a causal loop diagram (CLD) to capture key variables, relationships, and feedback loops. Findings: The finalised CLD incorporated 14 key variables and featured five major feedback loops (four reinforcing, one balancing) that shape flood resilience. Community-led strategies-such as waste management, tree planting, drainage maintenance, and the construction of flood-resistant infrastructure-were driven by municipal support, enforcement of planning rules, and adaptation within informal settlements. Participants described how these strategies improved hygiene, enhanced access to food and physical activity spaces, and reduced immediate health risks. However, political interests and inadequate enforcement constrained long-term resilience. Importantly, the study identified plausible pathways through which community actors perceived flood resilience strategies influenced diet and physical activity, the main NCD risk factors, thus highlighting the climate change-NCD syndemic in an urban African context. Conclusion: Participatory CBSD provided novel, systems-level insights into community resilience, revealing dynamic feedback between local action, governance, and health. Integrating community-led approaches into formal disaster risk management and urban health policy is essential for sustainable, equitable resilience.

Indexed as

Climate ChangeFloodsNoncommunicable DiseasesAdultCameroonFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleVulnerable Populationsclimate changeclimate resiliencecommunity-based system dynamicscomplex systemsglobal southintersectoralityurban health

Identifiers

PMID41487627
PMCPMC12757411

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.