ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Isolated emergency medical incidents in the practice of Polish firefighters in 2020-2023: analysis of intervention causes.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To quantify and characterize Isolated Emergency Medical Incidents (IEMIs) managed by National Firefighting and Rescue System (NFRS) units in Poland in 2020-2023 and to identify temporal and regional patterns. Materials and methods: Retrospective nationwide analysis of anonymised State Fire Service decision-support records. Inclusion required NFRS arrival before EMS, documented direct actions, duration over 1 min, and dates 01.01.2020-31.12.2023. Descriptive statistics were compiled at the voivodeship level. Group differences were tested with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn-Bonferroni procedures. Associations were examined with Spearman correlation. Visualizations included heat maps, box plots, and a choropleth. Seasonality was assessed by calendar quarter. Results: Approximately 2.25 million interventions were undertaken; medical rescue comprised about 35%. Regional heterogeneity was significant (χ Conclusion: IEMIs form a stable share of NFRS activity, dominated by cardiac arrest, syncope, trauma, and neurological disorders, with a Q4 peak. Seasonal readiness in October-December, targeted QFA training on CPR/AED, resource allocation by per capita and urbanization metrics, early activation thresholds, standardized winter workflows, and quarterly quality monitoring may improve timeliness and reduce demand.
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