ArticleAddictive behaviors reports2026
Associations between substance use treatment and ketamine use: A hypothesis-generating analysis.
Article in Addictive behaviors reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Treating addiction with an addictive drug: the ketamine paradox revisited.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Ketamine is increasingly used in clinical settings for mental health and pain management, yet its misuse poses public health risks. While prior studies have examined ketamine trends, few have explored its use among individuals receiving treatment for substance use disorders (SUD). Methods: Using 2021-2023 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), we analyzed the association between past-year ketamine use and receipt of SUD treatment among U.S. residents aged 12 and older. Stratified analyses by substance type and use category (use, misuse, and disorder) were conducted using adjusted logistic regression models. Results: Among 173,808 participants who reported substance use, 3.19 % received past-year treatment and 0.26 % reported past-year ketamine use. Ketamine use was more common among those in treatment (1.39 %) than not (0.22 %). Across SUD strata, treatment was associated with higher odds of ketamine use, including alcohol SUD (aOR = 2.73; 95 % CI: 1.58-4.71), marijuana SUD (2.32; 1.34-4.02), inhalant SUD (5.22; 1.96-13.94), methamphetamine SUD (5.10; 2.08-12.48), pain reliever SUD (2.62; 1.16-5.90), and opioid SUD (2.76; 1.23-6.18). Among misuse strata, associations included pain relievers (2.69; 1.40-5.16), opioids (3.13; 1.71-5.74), and psychotherapeutics (2.09; 1.21-3.62). Among use strata, treatment was associated with higher odds for cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, heroin, PCP, DMT/AMT/FOXY, methamphetamine, pain relievers, tranquilizers, and stimulants. Conclusions: Past-year treatment is a marker of elevated ketamine exposure across multiple substance domains. Findings are hypothesis-generating and underscore the need for clinical screening, patient education on unsupervised ketamine risks, and research clarifying timing, intent, and outcomes of ketamine use in SUD populations.
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