ReviewNature reviews. Genetics2026
Proteoform medicine: characterizing and targeting protein forms in human disease.
Review in Nature reviews. Genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- The "2DE-Pattern" Database for Inventory of Proteoform Profiles: 2026 Upgrade and Update on Outcomes.Proteomes · 2026Article
- Large-scale single-molecule analysis of tau proteoforms.Nature methods · 2026Article
- Beyond Protein Abundance: Proteoform Diversity and Phosphoproteome Remodeling in Maize (Proteomes · 2026Review
- Proteogenomics in human populations.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Multiomics and proteomic insights into Alzheimer's disease biology in Down syndrome.Expert review of neurotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Top-Down Mass Spectrometry and Its Current Applications in Biomarker Discovery in Aging and Age-Related Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Prognostic alternative splicing signatures in esophageal cancer reveal SF3A3 as a key oncogenic splicing factor.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Proteoformics-driven new concept of human growth hormone in clinical endocrinology.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Proteoforms are the diverse molecular protein species produced from a single gene through genetic variation, alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. They are the crucial link between genotype and phenotype. There are estimated to be more than one million distinct protein variants produced from ~20,000 protein-coding genes in a given cell, making these proteoforms a vast and largely uncharacterized dimension in biomedical research. This Review focuses on the role of proteoforms in human genetic diseases. We highlight cutting-edge technologies for the identification and characterization of proteoforms, including long-read transcriptomics and emerging methods for direct protein sequencing, and we present a network biology framework to explain how proteoforms can perturb the molecular interactions and cellular pathways underlying disease phenotypes. We believe that precision medicine will require precision proteomics. An increasing knowledge of proteoform biology from molecular, systems and clinical perspectives will guide future research, ultimately contributing to a more precise understanding of the molecular basis of disease and refined therapeutic interventions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.