Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41486169›Full record

ArticleNPJ biofilms and microbiomes2026

Biofertilizer induces soil disease suppression by activating pathogen suppressive protist taxa.

Xin Pei, Na Zhang, Xuhui Deng, Ruochen Li, Yanjie Wang, Ying Wang, Wanting Huang, Yang Yue, Stefan Geisen, Zhilei Gao and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Xin Pei *Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
Na Zhang *Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
Xuhui DengJiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
Ruochen LiJiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
Yanjie WangJiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
Ying WangJiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
Wanting HuangJiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
Yang YueJiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
Stefan GeisenLaboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Zhilei GaoEUROstyle BV, Oosterwolde, The Netherlands.
Sai GuoJiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
Donglan TianCrop Protection, Syngenta China, Shanghai, PR China.
Qirong ShenJiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
George A KowalchukEcology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Rong LiJiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China. lirong@njau.edu.cn.

Funding

the Agricultural Science and Technology independent innovation fund project of Jiangsu Province CX(22)2043the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities KTTQ2025018the key project at central government level: the ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources 2060302the National Natural Science Foundation of China 42277294the National Natural Science Foundation of China 42307171the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China 2023M731724
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Given the increasing demand for sustainable agricultural solutions utilizing the microbiome, particularly the use of biofertilizer (BF), it is essential to understand the mode of action and the role of predatory protists, along with their interactions with biocontrol strains and resident community members. We therefore examined these interactions through a long-term field experiment and a series of greenhouse and pot experiments. In field and greenhouse studies, we observed that Bacillus significantly stimulated the growth of Cercomonas, a genus of predatory protists, in the soil. In turn, these protists promoted the growth of Bacillus, leading to increased detection of polyketide synthase (PKS) genes and the inhibition of bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. We here reveal a positive feedback loop between the biocontrol agent Bacillus and predatory protists, which explains the biofertilizer-induced reduction of plant pathogens. These findings highlight the significance of synergistic interactions between functional microbes and predatory protists in suppressing soil-borne diseases. Moreover, it underscores the potential of incorporating predator-prey interactions into agricultural practices to foster more sustainable ecosystem development.

Indexed as

CercozoaFertilizersPlant DiseasesRalstonia solanacearumSoil MicrobiologyBiological Control AgentsPolyketide SynthasesSoilBiological Control AgentsFertilizersPolyketide SynthasesSoil

Identifiers

PMID41486169
PMCPMC12864819

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.