ArticleBMC surgery2026
The effect of IGF-1 on the closure process of processus vaginalis.
Article in BMC surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe processus vaginalis is a peritoneal sac that descends with the testes during the fetal period and typically undergoes obliteration in early life. However, failure of obliteration is associated with pathologies such as inguinal hernia, hydrocele, and cysts of the canal of Nuck, as well as cryptorchidism and epididymal anomalies. The Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) system is a signaling pathway that plays a critical role in biological processes such as cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. This study investigates the effect of IGF-1 on the obliteration process of the processus vaginalis.
methodsThis retrospective study includes 218 cases recorded in the pathology archives between January 1, 2022, and June 30, 2024, comprising cases of inguinal hernia and hydrocele. The inguinal hernia cases include both pediatric and adult age groups, while the hydrocele cases pertain to the pediatric age group. New paraffin blocks were prepared from archived specimens using the manual microarray method, and the samples were stained with IGF-1 antibody. Evaluations were conducted semi-quantitatively under a light microscope. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Friedman test.
resultsNo significant differences were observed between the inguinal hernia and hydrocele groups in terms of epithelial, stromal, and muscle staining levels (P = 0.958, P = 0.669, and P = 0.529, respectively). In the hernia group, a significant difference was identified between epithelial and muscle staining levels, with muscle staining being significantly higher (P = 0.016). No significant differences were noted among epithelial, stromal, and muscle staining levels in the hydrocele group (P = 0.199).
conclusionOur study demonstrates that IGF-1 expression is similar in hernia and hydrocele cases, showing positive expression in vascular and muscle tissues but negative expression in epithelial cells. IGF-1 expression was higher in the pediatric group, suggesting that IGF-1 may be associated with closure defects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.