ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026
Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic inequality and the risk of dementia: A 14-year follow-up study.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Considerations in Alzheimer's Disease in Women.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic inequality and the risk of dementia: A 14-year follow-up study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionSocioeconomic inequality is a non-negligible risk factor for dementia. However, complex associations of individual socioeconomic status (ISES) and neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) with dementia risk have not been determined.
methodsIn 327,641 adults aged 40-69 years from the UK Biobank, we estimated the separate, interactive, and joint associations of ISES and NSES with the risk of dementia and explored the role of inflammatory markers and metabolites.
resultsLow ISES and low NSES were associated with higher risks of all-cause dementia and its subtypes. A stronger association between ISES and dementia was observed in those with low NSES. The subpopulation with disadvantages in both ISES and NSES showed the highest risk of dementia. Inflammatory markers (e.g., lymphocyte percentage) and metabolites (e.g., valine) mediated the associations of socioeconomic status (SES) profiles with all-cause dementia. DISCUSSION: These findings underscore the importance of eliminating socioeconomic inequality at both individual and neighborhood levels for preventing dementia. HIGHLIGHTS: Disadvantages in both individual socioeconomic status (ISES) and neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) are associated with higher risks of dementia. There are significant interactions between ISES and NSES on dementia risk. The low SES subpopulation with disadvantages in both ISES and NSES has the highest risk of dementia. Inflammatory markers and metabolites partially mediate the associations of socioeconomic status (SES) profiles with all-cause dementia. Narrowing socioeconomic inequality at both the individual and neighborhood levels may help prevent dementia.
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