Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41485032›Full record

ArticleBMC global and public health2026

Effectiveness of mobile vaccination teams to increase COVID-19 booster uptake in Singapore: a population-based synthetic control study.

Alex J W Yap, Luis J Ponce, Liang En Wee, Borame Dickens, David Chien Boon Lye, Kelvin Bryan Tan, Jue Tao Lim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC global and public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Alex J W Yap *National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.
Luis J Ponce *Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Liang En Wee *Communicable Diseases Agency, Singapore, Singapore. ian.wee.l.e@singhealth.com.sg.
Borame DickensSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
David Chien Boon LyeNational Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.
Kelvin Bryan TanCommunicable Diseases Agency, Singapore, Singapore.
Jue Tao LimNational Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore. juetao.lim@ntu.edu.sg.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMobile vaccination teams (MVTs) have been deployed to improve access to COVID-19 vaccination in the community, but it remains largely uncertain how effective MVTs are at increasing uptake of COVID-19 booster vaccination, particularly in densely populated urban areas with pre-existing access to healthcare facilities. This study leveraged large-scale administrative databases to estimate the population-level effectiveness and public health impact of MVTs in increasing first and second COVID-19 booster vaccination uptake in an urbanised city-state with high population density and high pre-existing uptake of primary vaccination against COVID-19.

methodsIn this synthetic control study, we used national vaccination databases in Singapore to evaluate if MVTs deployed from 19 January 2022 to 14 January 2024 increased the number of first/second COVID-19 booster doses across 190 and 114 locations comprising 287,216 and 373,940 eligible residents, respectively. In January 2022, 84.49% of the eligible population had received their first booster dose which was rolled out on 14 September 2021; the second booster dose was rolled out on 22 April 2022. To evaluate the effectiveness of the MVT intervention, we used the synthetic control method to generate appropriate counterfactuals for intervention locations using a weighted combination of 15,200 and 9,120 corresponding sites (without MVT intervention) comprising 11,948,807 and 15,414,890 residents, for comparison of first/second COVID-19 booster uptake, respectively.

resultsMVT interventions were associated with a 24.35% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 15.00%-35.45%) and a 182.68% (95% CI: 154.60%-218.56%) increase in first and second booster uptake, respectively, with approximately 2,832 (95% CI: 1,809-3,846) first booster doses and 5,347 (95% CI: 5,017-5,687) second booster doses attributable to MVT interventions. Subgroup analysis showed that these effectiveness estimates were replicated across most subgroups (age/sex/ethnicity). Intervention effectiveness estimates were larger in subpopulations which may have challenges accessing immunisation centres.

conclusionsMVTs increased vaccination uptake during COVID-19 endemicity by improving geographical accessibility, even in the context of a densely populated urban setting.

Indexed as

Booster uptakeCOVID-19Intervention effectivenessMobile vaccination teamSynthetic control study

Identifiers

PMID41485032
PMCPMC12764014

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.