Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41484974›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2026

Structural factors of disability and ageing: spatial patterns in Mexico.

Rosa Estela García-Chanes, Diego Terán-Paéz, Jimena Vázquez Garcia, Konstantinos Roussos, Carmen García-Peña

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rosa Estela García-ChanesMedical Sciences, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-8681-1004
Diego Terán-PaézFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico.ORCID 0009-0005-7960-4222
Jimena Vázquez GarciaVisiting Fellow, Government Department, The University of Essex, Colchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7871-7832
Konstantinos RoussosLecturer, School of Health and Social Care, The University of Essex, Colchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6602-9824
Carmen García-PeñaGeneral Director, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Avenida Contreras 428, Colonia San Jerónimo Lídice, Alcaldía Magdalena Contreras, 10200, Mexico City, , Mexico. mcgarcia@inger.gob.mx.ORCID 0000-0002-9380-6964

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMexico is undergoing rapid population ageing, but its pace and intensity vary markedly across regions. This process unfolds amid deep social and economic inequalities, particularly in rural and marginalized areas where limited access to healthcare and social protection increases the risk of chronic disease, disability, and dependence.

objectiveTo examine how demographic ageing, socioeconomic, and health conditions relate to disability prevalence among older adults at the municipal level, emphasizing the structural and territorial factors that constrain healthy ageing.

methodsUsing data from the 2020 Population and Housing Census and 2015-2019 mortality records, a municipal composite ageing index was developed to capture both the magnitude and structure of ageing. Spatial analytical techniques-Moran's I, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR)-were applied to identify spatial dependence and local variation.

resultsBivariate Moran's I indicated limited global autocorrelation between ageing and disability, but LISA revealed pronounced local clusters. Ageing was more advanced in northern and central Mexico, whereas disability concentrated in the south and southeast. Lower educational attainment, reduced social protection coverage, and greater socioeconomic disadvantage were linked to highter disability prevalence.

conclusionsThe findings show that ageing and disability are spatially patterned outcomes shaped by long-standing territorial inequalities. Recognizing these spatial dynamics is key to designing regionally differentiated, place-based public health and social policy responses that promote equitable ageing in Mexico.

Indexed as

AgingHealth Status DisparitiesPersons with DisabilitiesAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMexicoMiddle AgedSocioeconomic FactorsSpatial AnalysisDemographic ageingDisabilitySocial inequalitiesSpatial analysis, municipality

Identifiers

PMID41484974
PMCPMC12866567

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.