Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41484789›Full record

ArticleScandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine2026

Emergency anaesthetic management in critically ill and injured patients: the STEPS approach (self, team, environment, patient and system).

Sarah Morton, R Crooks, A Woodman-Bailey, C Reid, P Sherren

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In one paragraph

Article in Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sarah MortonImperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK. sarah.morton@doctors.org.uk.
R CrooksImperial College NHS Trust, London, W2 1NY, UK.
A Woodman-BaileySt George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK.
C ReidNSW Ambulance Aeromedical Operations, 33 Nancy Ellis Leebold Drive, Bankstown Airport, NSW, 2200, Australia.
P SherrenEssex and Herts Air Ambulance Trust, Earls Colne, Colchester, CO6 2NS, Essex, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Contemporary airway management paradigms focus heavily on the anatomical and the technical considerations of 'Difficult Airway' management. Such pervasive language does not always fully capture the critical importance of many other technical and non-technical factors that routinely impact on the safe delivery of emergency anaesthesia in the out-of-theatre environment. The authors believe that it is important to consider the factors beyond anatomy and physiology in emergency anaesthesia (EA) and recommend the following acronym and categories: Self, Team, Environment, Patient (anatomical/physiological) and System (STEPS). The aim of this mnemonic is to provide a cognitive framework that can be utilised in real-time to better identify the perceived and latent threats surrounding EA that will hopefully encourage a more holistic management approach to airway management in critically ill and injured patients.

Indexed as

Airway ManagementAnesthesiaCritical IllnessEmergency Medical ServicesPatient Care TeamWounds and InjuriesHumansAirway managementAnaesthesiaCritical careDifficult airwaysHuman factorsRapid sequence induction

Identifiers

PMID41484789
PMCPMC12763822

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.