Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41484739›Full record

ArticleApplied biochemistry and biotechnology2026

Fabrication, Characterization, and Antibacterial Performance of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Thin Films for Packaging Applications.

Idhallakaval Krishna Naik Muralidhar, Karagadi Ananthaadiga Vishnumurthy, Manjya Naik Madhukara Naik, Manjunath Giridhar, Halenahalli Jayappa Yashwanth, Halehatty Seethya Naik Bhojya Naik, Bahaddurghatta Eshwarappa Kumara Swamy, Kotreshappa Gowdru Manjunath

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Idhallakaval Krishna Naik MuralidharDepartment of Post Graduate in Chemistry, Sir. M V Science College, Bommanakatte, Bhadravathi, Karnataka, 577006, India.
Karagadi Ananthaadiga VishnumurthyDepartment of Post Graduate in Chemistry, Sir. M V Science College, Bommanakatte, Bhadravathi, Karnataka, 577006, India. drkavishnu@yahoo.co.in.
Manjya Naik Madhukara NaikDepartment of Chemistry, BMS Institute of Technology & Management, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560119, India.
Manjunath GiridharDepartment of Post Graduate in Chemistry, Government Science College, Hassan, Karnataka, 573201, India.
Halenahalli Jayappa YashwanthDepartment of Physics, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology(NMIT), Nitte(Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India.
Halehatty Seethya Naik Bhojya NaikDepartment of PG studies and research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, 577451, India.
Bahaddurghatta Eshwarappa Kumara SwamyDepartment of PG studies and research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, 577451, India.
Kotreshappa Gowdru ManjunathDepartment of Post Graduate in Chemistry, Sir. M V Science College, Bommanakatte, Bhadravathi, Karnataka, 577006, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a well-known packaging material; however, its major drawback is the lack of inherent antibacterial properties, which are essential for preventing food spoilage. In the present work, we developed a method to enhance the antibacterial properties of PVA thin films by incorporating nanoparticles (NPs) into the films. Undoped and cobalt (Co)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized using PVA as a capping agent. The nanoparticles were prepared via chemical precipitation and microwave-assisted methods, and characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The crystallite sizes of the undoped and Co-doped ZnO were found to be 30.6 nm and 22.9 nm, respectively. SEM imaging revealed variations in surface morphology with different concentrations of PVA capping. PVA thin films containing 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% of the synthesized nanoparticles were prepared and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (MTCC 1559) and Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC 439). The results demonstrated that the incorporation of nanoparticles significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity of the PVA films.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsFood PackagingPolyvinyl AlcoholZinc OxideEnterococcus faecalisEscherichia coliMetal NanoparticlesMicrobial Sensitivity TestsNanoparticlesX-Ray DiffractionAnti-Bacterial AgentsPolyvinyl AlcoholZinc OxideAntibacterial activityChemical precipitationEnterococcus faecalisEscherichia coliMicrowave methodNano thin filmsPolyvinyl alcoholZnO

Identifiers

PMID41484739

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.