ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Effect of antibiotic combination on secondary invasive fungal infection in critically ill sepsis patients.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Identification of Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: A Retrospective Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInappropriate use of antibiotics is a significant factor contributing to secondary invasive fungal infection (IFI) in patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit (ICU). Our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the number of antibiotic types use and the risk of IFI in ICU sepsis patients.
methodsThis retrospective study included adult sepsis patients admitted to the ICU of a large tertiary hospital from 2014 to 2023. Multivariate logistic regression was used to measure the adjusted correlation between the number of types of antibiotics used and the risk of IFI, as well as the simultaneous combined use of antibiotics.
resultsAmong the 768 patients ultimately included in the study, 165 (21.5%) developed IFI. After adjustment, for each additional type of antibiotic used in ICU sepsis patients, the risk of developing IFI increased by 58% (95% confidence interval (CI): 37–82; P < 0.001). When each additional antibiotic type was compared with the use of a single antibiotic, a dose-response relationship was observed between the number of antibiotics and the risk of IFI. Furthermore, when the number of types of antibiotics used was ≥ 3, the concurrent use of antibiotics was more likely to lead to IFI than the continuous use of a single antibiotic (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.31 (95% CI 1.27–4.20); P = 0.006), and the risk of IFI increased with the number of concurrent antibiotic types used.
conclusionsFor ICU sepsis patients, the risk of IFI continues to increase as the number of different antibiotics used rises. Furthermore, combination use of different antibiotic types is more likely to lead to IFI than sequential use of a single antibiotic. Reducing unnecessary antibiotic changes or combination use of multiple antibiotics (> 3 types) may mitigate the occurrence of IFI and improve the adverse outcome of severe sepsis patients.
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