Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41484504›Full record

SynthesisClinical child and family psychology review2026

Systematic Literature Review on Public Health Impacts of Persistent Tic Disorders: Education and Employment.

Helena J Hutchins, Patricia Whalen, Jorge Verlenden, Hidayat Ogunsola, Brooke S Staley, Rebecca T Leeb, Wendy Wegman, Rebecca H Bitsko

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Clinical child and family psychology review, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Helena J HutchinsApplied Research and Evaluation Team, Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy S106-4, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA. pne8@cdc.gov.ORCID 0000-0002-5721-7468
Patricia WhalenApplied Research and Evaluation Team, Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy S106-4, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-3799-4701
Jorge VerlendenDivision of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3112-018X
Hidayat OgunsolaApplied Research and Evaluation Team, Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy S106-4, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-4357-2211
Brooke S StaleyApplied Research and Evaluation Team, Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy S106-4, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1502-602X
Rebecca T LeebApplied Research and Evaluation Team, Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy S106-4, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1091-7352
Wendy WegmanTourette Association of America, 42-40 Bell Boulevard, Suite 507, Bayside, NY, 11361, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-7187-7099
Rebecca H BitskoApplied Research and Evaluation Team, Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy S106-4, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1370-9890

Funding

CDC HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tourette syndrome and persistent tic disorders (TS/PTD) begin in childhood and can contribute to negative outcomes across the lifespan. A systematic review was conducted to summarize current evidence on education and employment outcomes among individuals with TS/PTD. The review summarized education and/or employment outcomes from 69 articles published between 2003 and March 5, 2025 that reported these outcomes for individuals with TS/PTD and a comparison group without TS/PTD. Of these studies, most included small samples of individuals with TS/PTD (less than 100), and those that reported on race or ethnicity were predominantly White. Only five studies on adult employment status and no studies on the transition to higher education were identified for inclusion. Children and adolescents with TS/PTD may experience poorer school-related quality of life, lower school competence, and more parent-reported school problems compared to those without TS/PTD. Although evidence was less robust, children and adolescents with TS/PTD may also be more likely to experience other negative school outcomes, including poor attitudes about school and low pass rates/frequent grade retention. Findings can be used by healthcare providers and school personnel to inform supports for students with TS/PTD. Adult employment status and transition to higher education for individuals with TS/PTD, and studies with larger, more heterogeneous samples, may be important directions for future research.

Indexed as

Educational StatusEmploymentPublic HealthTic DisordersAdolescentAdultChildHumansQuality of LifeEducation outcomesEmploymentTic disorderTourette syndrome

Identifiers

PMID41484504
PMCPMC12979344

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.