Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41484490›Full record

ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2026

Intraoperative drug delivery to hindbrain tumours via an injectable hydrogel is well tolerated and confers survival benefit against atypical teratoid/rhabdoid xenografts.

Cara Moloney, Phoebe McCrorie, Amr ElSherbeny, Harry Porter, Chiara Bastiancich, Hasan Slika, Aanya Shahani, Emre Derin, Esteban Velarde, Jackson Miller and 17 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Cara MoloneyChildren's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. mszcm3@exmail.nottingham.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2230-6612
Phoebe McCrorieChildren's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Amr ElSherbenyDivision of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Harry PorterChildren's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Chiara BastiancichAix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
Hasan SlikaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Aanya ShahaniDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Emre DerinDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Esteban VelardeDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jackson MillerDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
John TheodoreDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Khushi VarshneyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
F N U RuchikaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Hulya BayraktutanDivision of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Umut Can OzDivision of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Pam CollierEx Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Simon M L PaineDepartment of Neuropathology, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, UK.
Paul HandleyZucero Therapeutics Ltd., Suite 1.11, Westlink Court, Darra, QLD, Australia.
Keith DredgeZucero Therapeutics Ltd., Suite 1.11, Westlink Court, Darra, QLD, Australia.
Grzegorz WicherDepartment of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Richard G GrundyChildren's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Henry BremDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Karin Forsberg-NilssonDepartment of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Stuart J SmithChildren's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Betty TylerDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Cameron AlexanderDivision of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Ruman RahmanChildren's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. mgzrr@exmail.nottingham.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6541-9983

Funding

Little Princess Trust CCLGA 2019 32
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intraoperatively applied local drug delivery systems (LDDS) offer a means of overcoming blood-brain barrier (BBB) impermeability. However, there is a paucity of LDDS development for paediatric tumours arising in the posterior fossa. Here we demonstrate applicability of an LDDS against medulloblastoma group 3 (G3 MB) and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (AT/RT), neoplasms associated with poor prognoses. A poly(ethyleneglycol)-poly(caprolactone)-poly(ethyleneglycol) (PECE) hydrogel loaded with chemotherapeutics identified as effective against primary G3 MB and AT/RT in vitro, was prepared as an injectable, biodegradable formulation. CHIR99021 (glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor), ribavirin (guanosine analogue) and PG545 (heparanase inhibitor) were chosen based upon an inability to traverse the BBB. The hydrogel alone was well-tolerated, and drug-loaded hydrogel achieved > 1-month therapeutic release. Orthotopic xenograft studies against G3 MB and AT/RT indicated good tolerability to combined CHIR99021 and PG545 or combined CHIR99021 and ribavirin loaded loaded LDDS respectively. Median survival of AT/RT arms receiving XRT alone was comparable to CHIR99021- and ribavirin-loaded LDDS, with long-term survivors observed only in the latter arm, demonstrating a significant survival benefit. LDDS against cerebellar tumours using PECE offers a promising therapeutic alternative and the possibility of circumventing radiation-induced adverse effects for children impacted by these diseases.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsDrug Delivery SystemsHydrogelsMedulloblastomaRhabdoid TumorTeratomaAnimalsCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansMiceMice, NudeRhombencephalonXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysAntineoplastic AgentsHydrogelsAtypical teratoid rhabdoid tumoursLocal drug delivery systemMedulloblastomaPolymer hydrogel

Identifiers

PMID41484490
PMCPMC13294321

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.