Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41484282›Full record

ArticleCurrent microbiology2026

Emergence of a Candidate Novel Sub-Genotype 1.1d of Classical Swine Fever Virus in India: Insights from a Comprehensive NS5B Gene Analysis and Multi-Locus Phylogeny.

Vijay Muruganantham, Roopa Mahadevaswamy, Sharanagouda S Patil, Siddharthan Nagarajan, Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa Suresh, Jagadish Hiremath, Shivasharanappa Nayakvadi

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Current microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Vijay Muruganantham *ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 119, Karnataka, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-3493-4800
Roopa MahadevaswamyICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 119, Karnataka, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-3338-5643
Sharanagouda S Patil *ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 119, Karnataka, India. sharanspin13@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3291-7513
Siddharthan NagarajanICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 119, Karnataka, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5215-0313
Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa SureshICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 119, Karnataka, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3005-0522
Jagadish HiremathICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 119, Karnataka, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-3771
Shivasharanappa NayakvadiICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 119, Karnataka, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3311-5886

Funding

DAHD, GoI, New Delhi under LHDCP K-11053(5313)/21/2019-LH (E-14082)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) remains a major threat to the swine industry, causing severe economic losses in endemic regions. However, the limited use of conserved non-structural genes in molecular surveillance contains the understanding of viral evolution. This study aimed to evaluate the NS5B gene as a phylogenetic marker to elucidate the genetic diversity of circulating CSFV strains in India. A total of 870 clinical and tissue samples collected during a nationwide surveillance program (December 2023-2024) were screened using NS5B-specific RT-PCR, of which 43 (4.95%) samples tested positive for CSFV. Phylogenetic analysis involving 43 field-derived NS5B sequences and 66 reference sequences revealed a distinct lineage, PV820729, within genotype 1.1. Multi-locus comparison of NS5B, partial E2 (PX233330), and 5' UTR (PX237204) regions confirmed its genetic distinctness from known sub-genotypes, supported by pairwise nucleotide identities of 97.3% (recent Indian strains), 84-85% (older ones), 94.8-95.8% (E2), and 95.7-96.2% (5' UTR). Bayesian molecular clock analysis (GTR + G + I/UCLD/GMRF) estimated the mean tMRCA at 1837.9 (95% HPD: 1710.5-1926.9), aligning with previous E2- and whole-genome-based studies. SNP profiling across the NS5B region identified 133 substitutions, primarily C→T and A→G transitions, reflecting ongoing evolutionary activity within this conserved locus. Collectively, the results support the identification of a candidate novel sub-genotype, provisionally designated 1.1d, and emphasize the value of NS5B-based phylogenetic surveillance for monitoring CSFV evolution and informing control strategies in India.

Indexed as

Classical Swine FeverClassical Swine Fever VirusViral Nonstructural ProteinsAnimalsGenetic VariationGenotypeIndiaPhylogenySwineViral Nonstructural Proteins5’ UTRClassical swine fever virusE2Genotype 1.1dNS5BSNPtMRCA

Identifiers

PMID41484282

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.