Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41484236›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Energy-efficient architecture for perception layer of IoT system.

Kamarul Hafiz Kamaludin, Widad Ismail

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Kamarul Hafiz KamaludinAuto-ID Laboratory (AIDL), School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Widad IsmailAuto-ID Laboratory (AIDL), School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. eewidad@usm.my.

Funding

Universiti Sains Malaysia RU
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper presents an energy-efficient power distribution mechanism for the sensor block in IoT nodes, which are typically battery-powered and designed to perform environmental sensing and periodic data transmission. While prior research has primarily focused on optimizing the radio module to minimize energy consumption, the continuous power supply to the sensor block-and the resulting leakage current-has received comparatively little attention. This oversight contributes to unnecessary energy loss and degrades network performance, including reduced data reliability and node availability. To address this challenge, an Adaptive Switching Mechanism (ASM) based on P-channel MOSFET high-side switching is proposed to dynamically control power delivery to the sensor block. Simulation results show that the proposed ASM can reduce energy consumption by up to 79.25% and improve runtime by 381.96% compared to conventional sensor node designs. Furthermore, the switching energy is significantly lower than that of low-side switching using N-channel MOSFETs. Experimental validation in a real-world application confirms these findings, demonstrating an energy reduction of up to 70.96% and a battery runtime improvement of approximately 244.31%.

Indexed as

Index termsInternet of things (IoT)MicrocontrollerMOSFETSensorWSN

Identifiers

PMID41484236
PMCPMC12824343

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.