Observational studyEBioMedicine2026
Characterisation of the gut-lung axis microbiome in clinically stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Observational study in EBioMedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- The Gut-Lung Microbiome Crosstalk and Pulmonary Disease.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Hallmarks of the ageing lung: 10 years later.The European respiratory journal · 2026Review
- Bronchial and Systemic Relationships ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Plasma Metabolomic Signatures in COPD Reveal Creatine, Purine/Urate, and Bile-Acid Axes.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Targeting the gut-lung axis in COPD: from microbial metabolites to fecal microbiota transplantation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAirway and gut dysbiosis have been reported in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); however, their relationship and association with clinical features remain poorly understood. We aimed to characterise the lung and gut microbiome in patients with stable COPD and controls.
methodsProspective, multicentre, longitudinal and controlled study of n = 60 stable patients with COPD and n = 30 controls. In them, we analysed 16S rRNA-seq in oropharyngeal (OP) swabs, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and stool. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed in each sample type to identify modules of co-abundant bacteria associated with clinical traits.
findingsWe found that the microbiome in airway and stool samples was highly dissimilar both in patients and controls, with 0.37% of this diversity associated to COPD. The microbiome taxa associated with COPD in OP swabs and sputum were highly similar, but different from BALF, suggesting that OP swabs can be a surrogate sample of sputum. Finally, using WGCNA, we identified: (a) 5 modules in OP swabs and 3 in sputum associated with FEV
interpretationThe gut and lung microbiomes in patients with COPD are distinct, but both clinically relevant as both present bacterial associations with airflow limitation, exacerbation history, and ICS use.
fundingISC-III PI24/00476. FRPA.2014, ICREA-2024.
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Registered trials
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