Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41483299›Full record

ArticleInfection2026

Comparison of clinical and safety outcomes in patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia: a trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole versus levofloxacin monotherapy.

Chien-Liang Chen, Wei-Ping Chen, Feng-Yee Chang, Ching-Mei Yu, L Kristopher Siu, Ya-Sung Yang, Jung-Chung Lin, Ching-Hsun Wang

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Infection, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Chien-Liang ChenDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Wei-Ping ChenDivision of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Feng-Yee ChangDivision of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ching-Mei YuDepartment of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense University, Taipei, Taiwan.
L Kristopher SiuInstitute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
Ya-Sung YangDivision of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Jung-Chung LinDivision of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ching-Hsun WangDivision of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. sasak0308@gmail.com.

Funding

Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense University TSGH_D_113143, TSGH_D_114136, and TSGH_E_112255
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and safety of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) versus levofloxacin monotherapy in patients with monomicrobial Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) bacteremia.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult inpatients with monomicrobial S. maltophilia bacteremia at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan from January 2004 to June 2025. Patients were divided into two groups for comparison based on antibiotic treatment: TMP/SMX and levofloxacin monotherapy. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, clinical response, microbiological eradication, non-susceptible strains emergence, recurrent bacteremia, and adverse drug reactions. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score analysis were performed using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).

resultsAmong 226 patients, 129 received levofloxacin and 97 received TMP/SMX. The levofloxacin-treated group was associated with lower 30-day mortality (17.8% vs. 36.1%, p = 0.002) in the primary analysis. In the multivariable logistic regression model, levofloxacin use was independently associated with improved outcomes (p = 0.047). Similarly, in the IPTW analysis, levofloxacin use remained a factor of lower 30-day mortality (p = 0.026). Additionally, microbiological eradication, emergence of non-susceptible strains, and recurrent bacteremia were comparable between the treatment groups, while adverse events were significantly less frequent in patients treated with levofloxacin (3.1% vs. 25.8%, p < 0.001).

conclusionsLevofloxacin appeared to be more effective and safer than TMP/SMX in this retrospective analysis; however, this interpretation should be made with caution given the observational nature of the study. Further randomized clinical trials are warranted to validate these findings.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacteremiaGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsLevofloxacinStenotrophomonas maltophiliaTrimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug CombinationAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTaiwanTreatment OutcomeAnti-Bacterial AgentsLevofloxacinTrimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug CombinationBacteremiaBloodstream infectionsLevofloxacin, trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, levofloxacinStenotrophomonas maltophilia

Identifiers

PMID41483299

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.