ArticleInternational microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology2026
Uncovering resistomes in hospital and pharmaceutical industry wastes: insights from shotgun metagenomic profiling.
Article in International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHospital and industrial wastes act as sources of pollutants due to high antibiotic and chemical loads. However, studies exploring the presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in these wastes remain limited in Ethiopia.
objectiveThis study employed shotgun metagenomic sequencing to investigate and identify antimicrobial resistance genes in assembled metagenomic DNA samples extracted from soil and wastewater originating from hospitals and the pharmaceutical industry.
methodsGenomic DNA was extracted from wastewater and soil samples and sequenced using the high-throughput Illumina HiSeq 150 platform. The Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI), a tool within the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD), was used to predict antimicrobial resistance genes. Additionally, pathogen-of-origin identification via RGI K-mer analysis and pathway analysis performed via the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).
resultsAnalysis of metagenome sequences revealed diverse ARGs in both hospitals and pharmaceutical waste samples. The Alert Hospital (AH), Tirunash Beijing Hospital (TB), Cadila Pharmaceuticals PLC (CP), and East Africa Pharmaceuticals PLC (EP)samples contained 62, 107, 218, and 165 unique (Antibiotic resistance Ontologies)AROs, after removal of duplicates. The most prevalent ARGs identified were VacY, qacG, and qacG. The most common resistance mechanisms identified were antibiotic target alteration, antibiotic inactivation, and antibiotic resistance efflux. The predominant pathogens of origin included Pseudomonas stutzeri, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas putida, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed pathways related to beta-lactam resistance (Bla system), vancomycin resistance (D-Ala-D-Lac type), imipenem resistance (OprD repression), and more multidrug resistance efflux pumps. This study revealed that hospital and pharmaceutical industry wastes in the studied sites harbor diverse antibiotic resistance genes, indicating their potential as reservoirs that threaten human health and environmental safety.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41483288What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.