Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41483201›Full record

ArticleMikrochimica acta2026

Covalent organic polymer-based biosensor for autism spectrum disorder biomarker detection.

Daniel García-Fernández, Beatriz de Santos, David López-Diego, Mónica Luna, Brais González-Tobío, Eva Mateo-Martí, Félix Zamora, Silvia Cabrera, José Aleman, Alberto Fraile and 1 more

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Article in Mikrochimica acta, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Daniel García-FernándezDepartamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
Beatriz de SantosDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
David López-DiegoInstituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8. Tres Cantos, Madrid, 28760, Spain.
Mónica LunaInstituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8. Tres Cantos, Madrid, 28760, Spain.
Brais González-TobíoDepartamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
Eva Mateo-MartíCentro de Astrobiología (CAB) CSIC-INTA, Ctra. Ajalvir, Km. 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, 28850, Spain.
Félix ZamoraDepartamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
Silvia CabreraDepartamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
José AlemanDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
Alberto FraileDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
Tania García-MendiolaDepartamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain. tania.garcia@uam.es.

Funding

Community of Madrid MAD2D-CM-UAMEU MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033European Union and Horizon 2020 CRIOMECORR project PID: 21859Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PRE2020-093162Next Generation EU/PRTR EQC2021-006944-PSpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness PID2023-150844OB-I00, MCIU-25-RED2024-153970-T, RED2022-134120-TSpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness PID2024-155520NB-I00Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation PID2022-138908NB-C31, and CEX2023-001316-MSpanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities PID2022-1401800B-C22Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities TED2021-129738B-I00Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities TED2021-129999B-C32Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities TED2021-130470B-I00
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A novel covalent organic polymer based on proflavine (COP-PF) is designed, synthetized and characterized to be used as a redox indicator in the biosensing field. COP-PF is introduced as an intrinsic redox indicator, ensuring reliable signal transduction without the need for external mediators. The platform was further reinforced with few-layer bismuthene, which is employed to structure gold screen-printed electrodes (AuSPE), improving electron transfer and DNA immobilization. Lastly, DNA nanoengineering is proposed in the shape of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) whose thiol-functionalized basal vertices enabled robust anchoring to FLB, while their apex carried a complementary probe to the analyte. The synergy of these materials yielded a highly robust biosensing system with exceptional sensitivity and selectivity. Biologically, the platform was applied to the detection of miRNA-27a, a clinically relevant biomarker of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), whose diagnosis has attracted the attention of the scientific community and society at large. The device achieved an ultralow detection limit of 10.3 aM, maintained high specificity in the presence of potential interferents, and demonstrated successful performance in spiked human serum samples. These results underscore the value of integrating emerging 2D nanomaterials, DNA nanotechnology, and functional organic polymers to advance medical diagnostics, offering a versatile route for nucleic acid biomarker detection in complex biological environments. Clinical trial number: not applicable.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderBiosensing TechniquesMicroRNAsPolymersBiomarkersDNADNA NanostructuresElectrochemical TechniquesElectrodesGoldHumansImmobilized Nucleic AcidsLimit of DetectionBiomarkersDNAGoldImmobilized Nucleic AcidsMicroRNAsPolymersAutism spectrum disorder (ASD)Covalent organic polymer (COP)Electrochemical biosensorMiRNARedox indicatorTetrahedral DNA nanostructures

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.