ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2026
Exposure to ambient air pollutants and incident chronic kidney disease in patients with hypertension: a CHARLS-based study.
Article in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundLong-term exposure to ambient air pollutants is increasingly recognized as detrimental to kidney health, yet its association with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) among people diagnosed with hypertension remains poorly elucidated.
objectiveTo investigate the link between exposure to multiple ambient air pollutants [NO
methodsThe study population was drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and comprised 3,041 participants with hypertension aged ≥ 45 years, all of whom were CKD-free at baseline in 2011. Participants were followed up until they were diagnosed with CKD or the year 2020. The effects of ambient air pollutants were examined using continuous-time Cox proportional hazards models, with models adjusted for relevant confounders encompassing demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Mediation analyses were carried out for the evaluation of lipid biomarkers as potential mediators.
resultsThroughout the follow-up, CKD was documented in 334 participants, with an overall incidence of 10.98%. In fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, significant associations were found between exposures to PM
conclusionIn middle-aged and older adults with hypertension, long-term PM exposure is associated with elevated CKD risk, and this association is partially mediated by lipid metabolism dysregulation, specifically involving NHDL and NHHR.
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