ArticleBiotechnology and bioengineering2026
Hydrogel Embedding of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Supports Extracellular Vesicle Production.
Article in Biotechnology and bioengineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Dynamic Tuning of MSC-Based Scaffolds for Neurological Protection After Brain or CNS Injury.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from adherent cells are promising therapeutics for a wide variety of diseases. Previous studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs have many applications in wound healing and regenerative medicine. Specifically, MSC-derived EVs are safer than cell-based therapies because EV treatments do not involve the administration of live cells to patients. However, a lack of scalable workflows for producing EVs from 2D adherent sources is a major current limitation of the field. One proposed method for culture scale-up is to encapsulate MSCs in a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, which provides a 3D matrix that better mimics the in vivo microenvironment of human cells and can be shaped into spherical beads or thin films to support the growth of shear-sensitive cells inside bioreactors. To establish proof of concept, we embedded MSCs in a layer of GelMA hydrogel to assess the production rate, molecular properties, and functional characteristics of EVs collected from 3D cultures. Hydrogel-encapsulated MSCs yielded a greater number of EVs per volume of culture compared to traditionally grown unencapsulated MSCs, and 3D cultures produced EVs with improved functionality in a scratch assay relative to vehicle treatment. These findings support the hypothesis that GelMA can be used to support scalable manufacturing of bioactive EVs from adherent cell sources.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.