Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41482644›Full record

ArticleJournal of the science of food and agriculture2026

Comparative effects of superheated steam and hot air roasting on the in vitro phospholipase A

Sawali Navare, Bethany H Lam, Misha T Kwasniewski, Ramaswamy Anantheswaran, Joshua D Lambert

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sawali NavareDepartment of Food Science, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Bethany H LamDepartment of Food Science, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Misha T KwasniewskiDepartment of Food Science, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Ramaswamy AnantheswaranDepartment of Food Science, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Joshua D LambertDepartment of Food Science, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2225-7398

Funding

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Hatch PEN05008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCocoa, derived from Theobroma cacao, is a popular food ingredient used to produce chocolate. Cocoa is rich in polyphenols and human and laboratory model studies have indicated that cocoa and chocolate can mitigate chronic inflammatory conditions. Cocoa is subjected to post-harvest processing operations including fermentation and roasting prior to use. These steps, which are essential for flavor development, have been shown to lead to changes in the content and profile of polyphenols in cocoa. Less is known about the effect of these operations on the bioactivity of cocoa. The present study compared the impact of using superheated steam (SHS) versus hot air (HA) as a roasting medium for cocoa beans on in vitro phospholipase A

resultsBeans were roasted at 150 °C (10, 20, 30 min), 175 °C (8, 15 min) and 200 °C (7 min) using SHS or HA. The median inhibitory concentration (IC

conclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that SHS roasting could be used to produce beans with greater anti-inflammatory activity and higher levels of key PACs in comparison with HA. © 2026 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Indexed as

CacaoCookingPhospholipase A2 InhibitorsPlant ExtractsPolyphenolsHot TemperatureHumansPhospholipases A2SeedsSteamPhospholipase A2 InhibitorsPhospholipases A2Plant ExtractsPolyphenolsSteamcocoaphospholipase A2polyphenolsproanthocyanidinsroastingsuperheated steam

Identifiers

PMID41482644
PMCPMC12967710

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.