ArticleCureus2025
Factors Influencing Individuals' Hesitation to Provide First Aid in Emergencies.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
First aid is a life-saving skill, yet many bystanders hesitate to intervene during emergencies due to various psychological, social, and consequential barriers. This cross-sectional study investigated the factors influencing first aid hesitancy among residents of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 1,124 participants aged 18 and above completed an online questionnaire assessing their demographic profiles, first aid knowledge, experience, and perceived barriers. Results showed that 53% (n= 596) had received first aid training, but only 20% (n= 225) held a formal license. While 71.2% (n= 795) reported low psychological barriers, over half faced moderate consequential barriers, such as fear of legal consequences or causing harm. Key barriers included fear of infection (73%; n= 815), discomfort with public attention (72.6%; n= 810), and hesitation in assisting the opposite sex (45.8%; n= 511). Despite these concerns, 93% (n = 1045) of respondents supported integrating first aid education into schools and workplaces. The findings highlight a gap between awareness and action, emphasizing the need for certified training and public knowledge education to empower individuals to act confidently during emergencies. Addressing these barriers can significantly enhance community preparedness and potentially save lives.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.