ArticleFrontiers in molecular biosciences2025
TNFα protein, DNA methylation, mRNA and miRNA expression evaluation in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a key cytokine involved in the inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes underlying multiple sclerosis (MS). Its expression is finely regulated by epigenetic and post-transcriptional mechanisms, including promoter methylation and miRNA activity. The objective of this study is to investigate TNFα expression, promoter methylation, and its regulation by miR-130a-3p in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR)MS, evaluating both serum and saliva as potential diagnostic biofluids. Methods: RRMS patients in clinical remission and sex and age-matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. TNFα levels were quantified in serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants, and saliva using ELISA. TNFα mRNA expression and promoter methylation were analyzed by qPCR and pyrosequencing, respectively. Bioinformatic tools (TargetScan, miRTargetLink 2.0, miEAA 2) were used to explore miRNA-TNFα interactions, and miR-130a-3p expression was evaluated in serum and saliva by qPCR. Results: RRMS patients showed significantly higher TNFα mRNA and protein levels compared to HC, paralleled by significant hypomethylation of the TNFα promoter in PBMCs. miR-130a-3p was markedly downregulated in both serum and saliva, exhibiting an inverse trend with TNFα expression. Salivary TNFα levels mirrored serum alterations, supporting the feasibility of saliva as a noninvasive biomarker source. Conclusion: The data indicate that TNFα upregulation in RRMS is associated with promoter hypomethylation and reduced miR-130a-3p expression, suggesting a coordinated epigenetic and post-transcriptional control of this cytokine. The parallel trends observed in saliva and serum highlight the potential use of salivary TNFα and miR-130a-3p as minimally invasive biomarkers for MS monitoring and early diagnosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.