ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2025
Tumor CTR1 and serum copper dynamics reveal a coordinated copper axis linked to high-grade triple-negative breast cancer biology.
Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Copper is an essential nutrient required for energy production, antioxidant defense, and connective tissue maturation, yet has emerged as a metabolic vulnerability in cancer. CTR1 ( Methods: A retrospective dataset of 1632 breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy was analyzed to compare CTR1 gene expression between responders and non-responders across molecular subtypes and tumor grades. Findings were extended to a prospective neoadjuvant cohort in which paired pre- and post-treatment serum copper levels were measured. ΔCopper (post-pre change) was correlated with subtype, grade, response, and tumor size. Results: CTR1 expression was significantly higher in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) non-responders than responders ( Conclusions: Parallel CTR1 upregulation in tumors and systemic copper elevation post-therapy suggest a coordinated copper mobilization program in high-grade TNBC. These integrated retrospective and prospective findings link copper transport to therapy response and tumor aggressiveness, highlighting copper biology as a potential therapeutic axis in breast cancer.
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