ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
COVID-19 vaccination induces cross-reactive dengue virus antibodies with altered isotype profiles and
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibodies against dengue virus in COVID-19 patients in Japan: a dengue virus non-endemic country.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Dengue-SARS-CoV-2 interactions: immune crosstalk, variant emergence, and clinical outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pilot proteomic analysis of immune dysregulation in dengue with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Observational
- SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies cross-react with dengue virus and enhance infectionFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination can induce antibodies that cross-react with dengue virus (DENV). Pre-existing IgG antibodies against DENV are known to enhance infection through antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) via Fcγ receptors. COVID-19 vaccines induce an altered IgG subclass distribution with modified Fcγ receptor affinity. This study investigates the isotype profile of DENV cross-reactive antibodies induced by COVID-19 vaccination and their potential to mediate ADE. Methods: We retrospectively collected 271 serum samples from individuals in Taiwan who were either SARS-CoV-2-unvaccinated, vaccinated with 1-3 doses of COVID-19 vaccine, recipients of an Omicron-era booster, or previously recovered from dengue infection. Antibody titers (IgM, IgA, and IgG subclasses 1-4) against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein and DENV serotype 2 envelope (E) protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Selective depletion of anti-S or anti-E antibodies was performed to confirm cross-reactivity. ADE activity was assessed Results: Cross-reactive anti-E antibodies in COVID-19-vaccinated individuals were predominantly IgM and IgA, whereas anti-S antibodies in vaccinated individuals and anti-E antibodies in dengue-recovered patients were dominated by IgG1. Low levels of cross-reactive anti-E IgG detected in vaccinated individuals were mainly of the low-affinity IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses. These vaccine-induced cross-reactive antibodies mediated significantly stronger Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination induces DENV cross-reactive antibodies with a distinct isotype profile and distinct ADE compared with natural dengue infection. Due to low Fc-affinity these antibodies likely do not pose a threat of dengue. These findings highlight the importance of considering off-target immunity and ADE risk in future vaccine design.
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