ArticleFrontiers in neurology2025
Female hormone therapy and risk of intracranial hemorrhage and focal neurological deficits in patients with cavernous malformations of the central nervous system.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Female hormone therapy [FHT, birth control treatment and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT)] is not withheld from patients with cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM), notwithstanding the uncertainty surrounding the impact of these medications on the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of female hormone therapy on the risk of ICH or focal neurological deficit (FND) in patients with CCM. Methods: The prospective institutional database was examined for all patients with CCM treated at our institution between 2006 and 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised patients with confirmed CCM diagnosis through radiological and/or histological examination, availability of baseline clinical characteristics, accessible medication history, and follow-up data. Patients were stratified based on their medical treatment regimen, which included female hormone therapy or no treatment. The study assessed the time-to-event probability and the number of events (ICH or FND) during the follow-up period. Results: A total of 328 female patients with CCM were included in the final analysis. Among them, 56 patients (17.1%) were receiving female hormone therapy. Specifically, 37 patients (11.3%) were using birth control treatments and 19 patients (5.8%) were on HRT. The mean number of ICH per patient was 0.43 (SD 1.11) in the FHT group and 0.38 (SD 0.8) in the control group ( Conclusion: The study shows that female patients with a diagnosis of cerebral cavernous malformation receiving female hormone therapy do not experience a significant higher likelihood of intracranial hemorrhage or focal neurological deficit. These findings indicate that, despite the observed tendency, female hormone therapy does not significantly alter the risk of these events in the observed female patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.