ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2025
Targeted-Immunomodulatory Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases via Multiple Administration Routes.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- From neuroinflammation to immune reprogramming: Nanozyme-Integrated nanoplatforms for neuroimmune modulation in Parkinson's disease.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Review on Engineering Release at the Molecular Level: Role of Functional Groups in Polysaccharide-Based Drug Delivery.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Antioxidant Polymeric and Non-Polymeric Nanoformulations for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Advances in molecular innate immune regulation in the development and therapeutic strategies of allergic rhinitis vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases are rising globally, presenting a significant health challenge. Current treatments focus on symptom management and immunosuppression, often resulting in side-effects such as increased infection risk and broad immunosuppression. Targeted immune modulation strategies, particularly through nanomedicines, offer promising advancements by enabling precise drug delivery and reducing systemic toxicity, risks, and pharmacokinetic issues. Nanocarriers, which are nanoparticles with drugs encapsulated, improve targeting to inflamed areas and lymphoid tissues, protecting therapeutic agents from degradation. Administration routes-intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and oral-offer distinct benefits for enhancing efficacy in treating autoimmune diseases. In this review, we explore autoimmune diseases and review the limitations of current treatment options. We also emphasize the importance of exploring various administration routes for innovative nanocarrier systems and discuss their effects on modulating immune responses and inducing immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases. In particular, we highlight numerous preclinical studies utilizing intravenous, subcutaneous/intramuscular, and oral nanocarrier formulations that demonstrate substantial improvements in therapeutic efficacy and dose reduction compared to conventional therapies, underscoring the translational potential of nanomedicines for autoimmune diseases. Finally, we discuss future research directions and challenges in the development of nanomedicines for autoimmune diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.