ArticleCureus2025
Assessment and Evaluation of Oral Health in Orthodontic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomechanical analysis of retracting maxillary incisors using clear aligners with palatal mini-implants in extraction cases: a finite-element analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Latent Profiles of Oral Health Self-Management and Associated Factors Among Adolescents Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe management of good oral hygiene during fixed orthodontic treatment is crucial to avert the occurrence of problems like plaque formation and gingival inflammation. Fixed appliances promote plaque retention and thus predispose the patient to periodontal disease that may negatively impact the outcomes of the treatment.
aimThis study aimed to evaluate changes in gingival bleeding, gingival inflammation, and plaque accumulation during the first month of fixed orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of 43 patients who received orthodontic fixed appliances at a tertiary healthcare facility in Chennai were selected. The patient's gingival health was measured three times, i.e., prior to the beginning of treatment (T0), during the setting of the appliance (T1), and one month into the treatment (T2). Gingival index (GI) and orthodontic plaque index (OPI) were used to assess the gingival health and the level of plaque. The analysis was done through IBM SPSS version 21.0 with a p-value set at 0.05, where the chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used.
resultsThe GI scores before treatment and at the time of placement of appliances were stable, but showed a significant increase in inflammation within one month after initiation of treatment (p=0.004). The significant decline of gingival health in the first month compared to the baseline and the start of treatment was established by pairwise comparisons (p=0.017). The OPI scores showed a great increase in the amount of plaque accumulation after one month (p=0.039). These findings indicate the presence of plaque retention and early gingival inflammation in cases of fixed orthodontic appliances.
conclusionFixed orthodontic treatment causes a considerable deterioration of gingival health and oral hygiene during the initial month of appliance placement. The prevention of periodontal complications and the optimization of orthodontic outcomes depend on early and continuous oral hygiene education, which reduces periodontal complications.
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