Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41479084›Full record

SynthesisAdvances in experimental medicine and biology2026

A Systematic Review of Electroencephalography (EEG) Studies Investigating Mathematical Efficiency: Current Insights and Future Directions.

Athina Papadopoulou, Panayiotis Vlamos, Aristidis Vrahatis

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Athina PapadopoulouDepartment of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkira, Greece. c20papa1@ionio.gr.
Panayiotis VlamosDepartment of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkira, Greece.
Aristidis VrahatisDepartment of Informatics, Ionian University, Kerkira, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This systematic review examines the burgeoning field of investigating mathematical efficiency through electroencephalography (EEG), aiming to elucidate the neural substrates and temporal dynamics underlying efficient mathematical processing. Through comprehensive database searches and rigorous inclusion criteria, a total of 15 EEG studies were identified and synthesized. Findings reveal distinct neural oscillations and event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with various facets of mathematical cognition, including numerical magnitude processing, arithmetic operations, working memory engagement, and problem-solving strategies. Furthermore, the review highlights the impact of individual differences, developmental trajectories, and mathematical expertise on EEG-derived measures of mathematical efficiency. Methodological considerations, encompassing experimental design, data preprocessing, and analytical techniques, are critically evaluated to enhance methodological rigor and reproducibility within the field. By consolidating evidence from diverse studies, this systematic review advances our understanding of the neural mechanisms underpinning mathematical cognition and delineates avenues for future research aimed at optimizing mathematical learning and performance through EEG-based approaches.

Indexed as

BrainCognitionElectroencephalographyMathematicsEvoked PotentialsHumansMemory, Short-TermProblem SolvingBrain imagingEEGElectrophysiologyMathematicsNeurophysiologyNeuroscience

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.