Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41477843›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

Real-time near-infrared II fluorescence navigation of magnetic nanorobots for image-guided therapy.

Zideng Dai, Zhisheng Wu, Wayne Jason Li, Sixin Xu, Danyang Xu, Puxian Xiong, Zhexi Liu, Chuang Zhang, Liangqiong Qu, Lianqing Liu and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. In Vivo Microendoscopy in the Near-Infrared II Window.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Zideng DaiJC STEM Lab of Nanoscience and Nanomedicine, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID 0009-0002-6648-3482
Zhisheng WuJC STEM Lab of Nanoscience and Nanomedicine, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7556-866X
Wayne Jason LiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Sixin XuJC STEM Lab of Nanoscience and Nanomedicine, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Danyang XuJC STEM Lab of Nanoscience and Nanomedicine, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Puxian XiongJC STEM Lab of Nanoscience and Nanomedicine, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2065-2968
Zhexi LiuJC STEM Lab of Nanoscience and Nanomedicine, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Chuang ZhangState Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2455-6495
Liangqiong QuSchool of Computing and Data Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Lianqing LiuState Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2271-5870
Feifei WangJC STEM Lab of Nanoscience and Nanomedicine, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7687-3412

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Real-time navigation of nanorobots with high spatiotemporal resolution and molecular contrast in deep tissues via noninvasive manners has been challenging. Here, we developed near-infrared II (NIR-II; 1000 to 3000 nanometers) magnetic nanorobots that balance fluorescence brightness at ~1600 nanometers with magnetic strength, facilitating precise gathering or locomotion of the nanorobots in the peritoneal cavity, hindlimb, liver, spleen, and lower gastrointestinal tract of live mice under real-time NIR-II imaging guidance with high resolution and sensitivity. Two-plex NIR-II imaging enabled precise locomotion by simultaneously providing real-time information on both the location of nanorobots and the position of target sites with molecular specificity. NIR-II magnetic nanorobots remained stable in gastric juice simulated solution (pH = 2) for more than 2 weeks. The magnetic locomotion of nanorobots loaded with 5-aminosalicylic acid under NIR-II visual feedback enables targeted delivery to the lower gastrointestinal tract and effectively enhances therapeutic efficacy in mice with inflammatory bowel disease. This platform opens an avenue in precision medicine.

Indexed as

Optical ImagingAnimalsFluorescenceMice

Identifiers

PMID41477843
PMCPMC12757035

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.