ArticleCureus2025
Clinicopathological Study of Hodgkin Lymphoma in Relation to Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Status.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionT-cell anergy leads to upregulation and activation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, contributing to immune tolerance and the evasion of immune surveillance. Many cancers exploit this by expressing PD-L1 in neoplastic or non-neoplastic tumor microenvironment cells. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is notable for high PD-L1 expression, often associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in tumor cells. New therapies target this pathway. EBV gene products, like latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1), can increase PD-L1 expression. Our study examined PD-L1 expression in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells in HL patients, comparing it to EBV presence and clinical data.
objectiveThe objective of this study is to study the clinicopathological characteristics of HL in relation to PD-L1 expression and EBV LMP-1 status. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis ambispective study examined lymph node excision samples from 40 HL patients diagnosed between January 2014 and January 2024. Using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated PD-L1 presence in HRS cells, assessing the intensity and frequency of PD-L1 expression. We also detected EBV using the LMP-1 antibody. A non-parametric chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.
resultsA total of 82.5% (33/40) of cases had PD-L1 expression in HRS cells, with 65% (26/40) showing LMP-1 expression. LMP-1 expression shows a significant correlation with B symptoms and the histological subtypes of HL (p-value < 0.05). Similarly, PD-L1 expression is significantly correlated with B symptoms. Notably, 84.6% (22/26) of cases positive for LMP-1 also exhibit PD-L1 expression. However, EBV positivity was statistically significant when considering different histological subtypes.
conclusionPD-L1 and LMP-1 positivity are linked to B symptoms with elevated PD-L1 expression in LMP-1-positive cases of HL, suggesting EBV-driven immune evasion. These results underscore the importance of considering HL subtypes and EBV status when evaluating biomarkers. Incorporating EBV and PD-L1 targeted therapies could offer more effective, personalized treatment approaches, particularly for EBV-positive HL cases.
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