ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2025
Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Hungary: an evolving contact zone of colliding virus subtypes.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- From giant components to communities: community-level insights for prioritizing interventions within large clusters of HIV-1 transmission networks.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2027Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Although antiretroviral therapy can suppress the transmission of HIV-1, the pandemic persists and continues to evolve. Monitoring virus transmission patterns and evolving variants is therefore essential for improving prevention strategies. To address this need, we present the first comprehensive molecular epidemiological analysis of the HIV-1 epidemic in Hungary-a country in the contact zone of major HIV-1 subtypes A, B, and F. Methods: We analyzed partial Results: Most sequences (814/1,120) belonged to subtype B; however, the frequency of non-B subtypes (mainly A, F, and several recombinant forms) has increased steadily since 2014, reaching 41.3% in 2024. Phylogenetic analyses identified 136 domestic clusters and a large transmitted drug resistance clade persisting over two decades. Remarkably, one in six recent diagnoses mapped to a single cluster, and approximately a third of all new diagnoses to the five most active clusters. Individuals in larger clusters were more often young, men who have sex with men (MSM), and had higher CD4+ counts. While the most affected risk group is still MSM, suspected heterosexual cases have increased recently, with a clear separation between sub-epidemics. Incorporation of international sequences revealed 149 mixed clusters, 56 mixed monophyletic pairs, and at least 122 independent introductions, linking the Hungarian epidemic predominantly to other European countries (Germany, UK, Poland, Spain, Italy, and Croatia for subtype B; Russia and Poland for subtype A; Romania for subtype F, Italy for CRF18_cpx), and to more distant sources for CRF01_AE (Thailand, China), CRF02_AG (Spain, Cameroon) and CRF56_cpx (Turkey). Discussion: In summary, recent HIV infections in Hungary stem mainly from domestic transmission among MSM, with a few highly active transmission clusters underscoring the need for targeted interventions. The epidemic is most strongly linked to Western and Central Europe, with increasing introductions and spread of non-B subtypes from Eastern Europe and beyond.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.