ArticleArchives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation2025
Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of the Impact of Olfactory Training on Cognitive and Emotional Function in Individuals with Parkinson Disease.
Article in Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of olfactory training (OT) on olfactory function and related nonmotor symptoms in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Design: Randomized controlled trial with a duration of 6 months of follow-up. Setting: A tertiary hospital providing neurology rehabilitation services in China. Participants: Of 81 initially recruited PD patients, 70 completed the study (N=70, 35 per group after randomization: OT group n=35, control n=35). All participants met inclusion criteria and received standard medical care. No dropouts were because of adverse effects. Interventions: The intervention group received OT using a standardized protocol. The training involved daily exposure to specific odorants for 6 months. The control group did not receive OT. Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes included changes in olfactory test scores, memory and cognition scores (assessed using neuropsychological tests), and depressive and anxiety scale scores. These were measured before and after the 6-month intervention. Results: After 6 months, the intervention group exhibited significant improvements in olfactory test scores (threshold-discrimination-identification score: t=3.839, Conclusions: The OT has beneficial effects on olfactory function and related nonmotor symptoms in patients with PD. The 6-month training led to significant improvements in memory, cognition, depression, and anxiety. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term effects and optimal duration of OT for patients with PD.
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