Observational studyJournal of paediatrics and child health2026
Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination at 3 Months in Infants at Risk for Congenital Infections: A Cohort Study.
Observational study in Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
introductionSTORCH refers to a group of congenital infections (syphilis, toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus and herpes) that can impact the central nervous system. As clinical signs may not appear until several months or years after birth, the early detection of risk in STORCH-exposed infants has been challenging, and the use of sensitive tools in this population is understudied.
objectiveTo compare STORCH-exposed infants with non-exposed controls using the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) at 3 months of age.
methodsThis is an observational cohort study. A total of 60 infants were included and equally allocated into two groups: an exposed group, whose mothers had a clinically confirmed diagnosis of a classic STORCH infection during pregnancy, and a non-exposed control group, whose mothers did not present STORCH infections during gestation. At 3 months of age (13.83 ± 1.09 weeks post-term), infants were assessed using the HINE. Group comparisons were performed for the global score, subscores across the five scorable domains (cranial nerve function, posture, spontaneous movements, tone and reflexes and reactions), number of asymmetries and risk of cerebral palsy.
resultsThe exposed group showed lower global scores and lower subscores in most HINE domains compared to controls, along with a higher frequency of asymmetries and an increased proportion of infants classified as at high risk for cerebral palsy.
conclusionInfants prenatally exposed to STORCH infections showed an increased risk of impairment based on the HINE when compared to controls. Potential neurological limitations were detectable in the exposed group at 3 months of age.
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